DR: diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; HbA1C: glycosylated haemoglobin; BMI: body mass index; NLR: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; UACR: urine-albumin creatinine ratio; TLC: total leukocyte count; B: regression coefficient; dF: degrees of freedom; Sig.: level of significance (p value); Exp(B): exponential regression coefficient/odds ratio; ref.: reference category. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is proliferative diabetic retinopathy.