EDN1 and endothelial dysfunction: Nebivolol, carvedilol, and celiprolol have been shown to inhibit endothelin-1 (ET-1)-mediated vasoconstriction, a significant contributor to endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypertension (Saijonmaa et al., 1997; Tsubokou et al., 2002; Diehl et al., 2016).