TNF and Hyperinsulinemia: Propranolol alleviated the postischemic changes, including:• MDA and caspase 3 activity,• CRP and COX-2 astrocyte-associated GFAP,• macrophage/microglia lineage-associated CD68 and IRF8,• hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia,• downregulation of Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 and tight junction ZO-1 protein,• reduction in Akt phosphorylation• production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and NO