TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: In this process, it may also involve pathways such as PI3K/AKT, ERK/JNK, Nrf2, etc. In pulmonary fibrosis, natural ingredients can reduce the induction of pro-fibrotic factors such as TGF-β and fibronectin by clearing lipid peroxides, thus delaying the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.