Numerous mutations in genes associated with PD have been confirmed to be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, including PRKN (Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase), PINK1 (PTEN induced kinase 1), LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), and DJ-1 (encoded by PARK7).11 This evidence concerns the gene PINK1 and Parkinson disease.