ERN1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: ,30 Recently, there has been growing interest in the regulatory role of melatonin in ER stress.31, 32, 33 Guan et al highlighted the potential of melatonin in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through the MT2 (metallothionein 2)/cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)/PKA (protein kinase A)/IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1) pathway, improving iron homeostasis, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and mitigating ER stress.34