Specifically, ATRA mediates the transcription of many cell differentiation genes on retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in a variety of cancers such as acute promyelocytic leukemia and melanoma, resulting in the activation of ATRA-dependent RARs and retinoid X receptors in the nucleus, thereby providing differentiation in the cancer cells (Bahmad et al., 2019; De et al., 2020). Here, RARS1 is linked to melanoma.