IL1A and infection: 56). It has been demonstrated that neutrophils are an important factor involved not only in infections but also in sterile inflammation (Ref. 57). Thus, neutrophils are one of the first cells recruited in the pancreas by DAMPs or by the chemokines and leukotriene released by the surrounding tissue to respond to DAMPs production. DAMPs include histone, DNA, IL-1α and many others. From the chemokine family, IL-8 (CXCL8) has the most important role in neutrophil chemotaxis and has been demonstrated to be an essential predictive marker for severity (Refs 57–59).