TARDBP and neurodegenerative disease: In essence, when mitoxantrone inhibits the abnormal condensation of TDP-43, it normalizes RNA transcription and splicing, thereby preserving neuronal function.626 TDP-43 has been implicated in neurodegenerative conditions, including ALS and FTD.627 Recently, various drugs and antibodies have been developed to target TDP-43, aiming to maintain its healthy function by preventing its aggregation and abnormal accumulation.628 Thus, mitoxantrone presents the potential to mitigate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like ALS by affecting the formation of TDP-43 aggregates.