Analysis of B- and plasma cells (26,156 cells) showed that germinal centre (GC) B-cells (RGS13+, NEIL1+), cycling B-cells (UBE2C+, TYMS+) and naïve B-cells (TCL1A+, IL4R+) were all enriched in HPV+ve tumours compared to HPV-ve tumours (Supplementary Fig. 2C, D), while switched B-cell subsets were found in both. This evidence concerns the gene NEIL1 and neoplasm.