PTPN2 and inflammatory bowel disease: In contrast, when analysing ACE2 levels in PBMCs from patients with IBD carrying the PTPN2 loss-of-function SNP rs1893217, we again observed that ACE2 mRNA and protein levels and SARS-CoV-2 spike-expressing VLP entry were clearly elevated in variant carriers compared with non-carriers (Figure 8B–D).