We discovered that the SENP3 protein levels were positively correlated with the RACK1 and p-eIF4E protein levels, and we also observed increased expression of CD68 (a marker for TAMs) in the SENP3-high group, which indicates that the SENP3-RACK1-eIF4E axis and an immunosuppressive microenvironment also exist in human HCC samples (Fig. 8J). This evidence concerns the gene SENP3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.