MAPT and Alzheimer disease: The pathological cascade of AD is initiated by extracellular amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) plaques deposition and Tau hyper-phosphorylation, which forms intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, as well as, excitotoxicity, and insulin signaling impairment, resulting in neuronal apoptosis (Alhazmi and Albratty 2022).