TNF and polycystic ovary syndrome: Furthermore, inflammatory mediators such as IL-18, IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP), pentraxin3 (PTX3), IL-1β, chemerin, hs-CRP, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were elevated in the FF from PCOS patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment, reflecting the local function and pathological state within the PCOS ovaries (9, 36, 37).