Furthermore, Elevated number of pro-inflammatory bacteria like Akkermansia spp. and reduced numbers of Lachnospiraceae and Faecalibacterium (which produce anti-inflammatory chemicals) have been linked to the pathophysiology of MS (Jangi et al., 2016) A. muciniphila and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, which were isolated from individuals suffering from MS and incubated in monocolonized mice, induced pro-inflammatory responses and Parabacteroides distasonis stimulated anti-inflammatory human IL-10+FoxP3+ cells and CD4+CD25+ T cells (Cekanaviciute et al., 2017; Sadeghpour Heravi, 2024). Here, CD4 is linked to myeloid sarcoma.