An abundance of intra-tumoural B cells was able to predict anti-PD-L1 efficacy in NSCLC in a 2022 study by Patil et al.—and a greater presence of B and NK cells within the TME was able to predict clinical benefit, as well as response durability with pembrolizumab in NSCLC (81, 82). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.