TNF and Insulin resistance: In recent years, 3T3-L1 cells are employed in studies about insulin resistance, such as assessing the effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate on H2O2-induced insulin resistance (85), exploring the role of endogenous CSE/H2 S system in TNF-α-induced insulin resistance (86), and evaluating the activities and mechanisms of natural products (geniposide or baicalin) in improving insulin resistance (87, 88).