TNF and Insulin resistance: By using SGBS cells model, it was found that N-Methylpyridinium can attenuate TNF-α-mediated insulin resistance and inflammation (95), Interferon-gamma alters adipocyte phenotype and impairs response to insulin and adiponectin release (96), and miR-146a regulates systemic and adipocyte insulin sensitivity via downregulation of NPR3 (97).