Here, we used a TNF-ɑ challenge based on our previous findings33 and its involvement in APP processing and Aβ production53; however, other cytokines such as IL-1β and interferon-gamma have also been associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology,77 and thus, it would be valuable to test them in future studies. This evidence concerns the gene APP and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.