However, a related study showed that inhibiting USP7 increased the expression of PD-L1 in lung cancer cells (Dai et al., 2020), and higher levels of USP7 promoted tumor growth by altering the immunosuppressive characteristics of Forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3)+ Treg (Gao et al., 2023). Here, USP7 is linked to neoplasm.