In the 10% of genetically-based ALS cases, while more than 20 genes contributing to ALS have been identified, the most common genetic causes result from hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene and mutations in SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, and TBK1 [2]. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.