SMO and posterior cortical atrophy: Since canonical activation of Hh signaling proceeds through binding of Hh ligands to the transmembrane receptor Patched 1 (Ptch1), which relieves the downstream depression of Smoothened (Smo) to facilitate Gli translocation to the nucleus (McMillan and Matsui, 2012), we sought to determine the effect of PlexinD1 on expression of Hh ligands that are often overproduced in PCa for activation of Hh-Gli signaling (Almazan-Moga et al, 2017; Takabatake et al, 2019).