PFKFB3 and Mental deterioration: A recent study showed that neurons actively preserve low glycolytic flux via proteolytic destabilization of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase–fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3; a key glycolysis promoting enzyme), to increase the PPP and therefore boost antioxidant defence to prevent oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial impairment.440 Overexpression of Pfkfb3 in genetically engineered mouse neurons resulted in an accumulation of anomalous mitochondria, complex I disassembly, bioenergetic deficiency, mitochondrial redox stress and decreased GSH, which translated to accelerated cognitive decline.