INS and Insulin resistance: This protective role is then further confirmed by our preclinical experiments in IHH showing that hippurate confers protection against MASLD: we show that not only hippurate directly inhibits triglyceride storage in both baseline and chronic 24-hr insulin conditions and rescue the effect of chronic insulin, but it also improves insulin-stimulated glucose update in condition of insulin resistance triggered by 24-hr chronic insulin pretreatment.