In addition, higher levelsof vanadium and chromium as well as other heavy metals have been identifiedin nonsmall cell lung cancer, suggesting that these metals could playa role in the etiology of the disease and/or contribute to cancerprogression.858 Vanadium-containing compoundscan inhibit several signaling pathways in cancer cells that includephosphorylation reactions in the signaling cascade, in particularMAPK signaling and PI3K/AKT signaling.859 Since these pathways can be upregulated in cancer cells, vanadium-containingcompounds (Table 11) might find therapeutic applications. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.