These findings explain the appearance of dsRNA in infections by mutants in E4orf6 and E1B55K, but they beg the question as to what induces PKR activity in a WT virus infection by HAdV or MAV-1, and why PKR must be overcome (by VA RNAs for HAdVs and by induction of degradation in the case of MAV-1). Here, EIF2AK2 is linked to viral infectious disease.