ATRX and Alpha-thalassemia - X-linked intellectual disability syndrome: Playing essential roles in diverse regulatory processes, ATRX mutations are linked to 2 major disease conditions: germline mutations are responsible for X-linked α-thalassemia mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome, while somatic mutations are prevalent in a variety of cancers such as brain cancer, pancreatic cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and osteosarcoma (4–7).