Overall, the expression of both hBDs in acne lesions was summarized as follows: hBD-1 - healthy follicular skin ≤ pustule ≤ comedo < papule; hBD-2 - healthy follicular skin ≤ comedo < papule < pustule, and interpreted as a secondary response to the perilesional infiltration by immune cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β (175). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is acne.