In hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ATF4 suppresses ferroptosis and promotes cell proliferation through the ATF4/SLC7A11 and ATF4/HSPA5/GPX4 axes 22, 23, 33. This evidence concerns the gene HSPA5 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.