PTGS2 and neoplasm: Additionally, key enzymes in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), such as Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), also play significant roles in tumor growth and progression (Hu et al., 2023; Liu Z. et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2018; Liao et al., 2007; Evans and Kargman, 2004; Ma et al., 2024).