For more severe cases or when initial therapies fail, additional options may include oral corticosteroids, immunomodulators (e.g., thiopurines, methotrexate and, Janus Kinase inhibitors) and, biologic therapies, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitors, targeting specific inflammatory pathways involved in IBD. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.