We have characterised CAF heterogeneity in non‐small cell lung cancer based on expression of αSMA as well as other stromal surface markers implicated in survival (e.g. platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), fibroblast activation protein (FAP), fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1)) and identified five CAF subsets (CAFS1–CAFS5), and similar phenotypes of CAFs have been identified and share characteristics across different solid tumours [4]. The gene discussed is S100A4; the disease is lung cancer.