Moreover, lactylation modification has been discovered to regulate ferroptosis through targeting histone and non-histone proteins (METTL3, HIF1A, MDH2, tau) implicated in various pathological conditions, including sepsis-associated lung injury, prostate cancer, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and Alzheimer's disease [[54], [55], [56], [57]]. Here, HIF1A is linked to Alzheimer disease.