Accordingly, in mouse disease models, genetic HV1 deficiency prevented neuronal death, brain damage and motor deficits in ischemic stroke (27, 28), carotid artery stenosis-induced white matter injury (103), demyelination in cuprizone- or lysophosphatidylcholine-induced multiple sclerosis models (29, 30), and neuronal apoptosis and pyroptosis, functional loss and pain hypersensitivity in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury models (31–34). Here, HVCN1 is linked to ischemic stroke.