HVCN1 and breast carcinoma: While the expression of HV1 is relatively well-documented in macrophages, the effects of its inhibition on the viability of polarized cells have not been explicitly tested before in spite of the fact that blocking HV1 resulted in compromised viability in various cell types including Jurkat T lymphocytes (20), chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (14), activated mouse microglia (23), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (9), breast cancer (25) and glioblastoma multiforme cell lines (38).