XBP1 and atherosclerosis: Recent studies have indicated that downregulation of microRNA-512-3p modulates the ratio of XBP-1S/XBP-1U by targeting XBP-1, enhancing vascular EC viability, inhibiting apoptosis, and alleviating autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (50), thereby mitigating inflammation and slowing the progression of atherosclerosis.