INS and Insulin resistance: Exercise can improve hyperglycemia in several pathways, according to the current and previous studies: boosting insulin sensitivity, especially in skeletal cells, as well as increasing GLUT-4 expression and activity, raising PK-C, which improves the function of insulin-dependent glucose transporters, lowering adipocyte insulin resistance, inhibiting TNF-α, a critical factor in inflammation and insulin resistance, also exercise has a protective effect on pancreatic beta cells and stimulating them to secrete more insulin [47, 48].