KDR and neoplasm: Sorafenib has dual antitumor effects, as it can directly inhibit tumor cell proliferation by blocking the cell signaling pathway mediated by RAF/MEK/ERK (Wilhelm et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2006) and indirectly inhibit tumor cell growth by blocking tumor neovascularization through the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors (Wilhelm et al., 2008; Capdevila et al., 2024).