CAAs, cancer-associated adipocytes; CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts; DCs, dendritic cells; MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; NK, natural killer; TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; Tregs, regulatory T cells; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer; TME, tumor microenvironment; ECM, extracellular matrix; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. Here, VEGFA is linked to cancer.