2021). Like cancer, CCM genes act as vascular “suppressor genes” inhibiting blood vessel growth, while PIK3CA functions as a vascular “oncogene” promoting excessive blood vessel growth. Research has indicated that knocking out CCM genes results in the development of CCM in mice during the early postnatal period, and PIK3CA mutations induce CCM development in adult mice (A. Ren et al. 2021; McDonald et al. 2011; Snellings et al. 2021). Here, PIK3CA is linked to cerebral cavernous malformation.