TGF-β can trigger EMT, resultingin the fibrosis of the lungs.10,14 Research has shownthat proteins involved in the TGF-β/Smad axis can be targetedby small molecules and disrupt pulmonary inflammation and lung fibrosis.15,48 TGF-β induced expression of EMT-related proteins, such asCOL1A1, α-SMA, and Snail can be reduced when cotreated withP162-0948 (Figure 7). Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.