CD86 and diabetic kidney disease: Table 1 shows the baseline and final parameters of the DKD rats. Scr, BUN, and kidney-to-body weight ratios all increased significantly in DKD rats (Table 1). The kidneys of DKD rats presented severe morphological lesions. In DKD rats, the glomerular surface area increased, and the glomerular mesangial matrix extended (Fig 1C). According to the immunohistochemistry results, the DKD group had significantly more CD68-positive and CD86-positive macrophages. (P<0.05, Fig 1E and 1F).