Recent reports indicate that several biomarkers (e.g., HER2, EGFR, PD-L1, CD8, claspin, MUC1, ANXA10, TUBB3, and MCM4) have prognostic significance in UTUC (Favaretto et al. 2018; Chen et al. 2021b; Hagiwara et al. 2016; Kobayashi et al. 2021, 2022a, b, 2023a, b). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma.