Isolates of species associated with bacterial vaginosis and vaginal infections including Sneathia vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Mobiluncus mulieris, Escherichia coli, Fannyhessea (Atopobium) vaginae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Veillonella atypica and Finegoldia magna5,9,31,32 strongly activated the TLR2 reporter cell line to levels similar to Pam2CSK4 (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1c). This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and bacterial vaginosis.