CD274 and cancer: Moreover, based on in cellua assays, we performed complementary analyses to assess how L-malate affects molecular regulation in LPS-stimulated BMDMs through an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of RNA-seq data, which showed that “dexamethasone” was one of the top 5 predicted upstream regulators of transcriptional alterations (Fig. 3d), and a canonical pathway analysis revealed that the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RNA-seq were involved in “PD-1/PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy pathway” and “glucocorticoid receptor signaling” (Fig. 3e).