CTLA4 and lymphedema: To investigate the functional role of CTLA4 in lymphedema, we administered anti-CTLA4 mAbs in the well-established mouse-tail lymphedema model (female, BALB/c strain, 8–12-weeks-old) as of the third post-operative day (Day 3 post-operatively) in a manner comparable to the administration of anti-CTLA4 in human patients several weeks following the LAD (Fig. 3A).