In the case of CXCL9, 10, IL-6 and IFNα, the level of cytokine production in cells untreated with ruxolitinib directly correlated with the percentage of infected cells in the presence of ruxolitinib (Supplementary Fig. 4a) for all three variants tested (wildtype (England 02), delta and omicron), suggesting (a) that the degree of infection directly impacts cytokine production and (b) that the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines limits infection. Here, IL6 is linked to infection.