PIGF and Dravet syndrome: These efforts confirmed the notion of profound hypercytokinemia in DS (Sullivan et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017; Malle et al., 2023; Galbraith et al., 2023), with significant elevation of multiple acute phase proteins (e.g. CRP, SAA, IL1RA), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TSLP, IL-17C, IL-22, IL-17D, IL-9, IL-6, TNF-α) and chemokines (IP-10, MIP-3a, MIP-1a, MCP-1, MCP-4, Eotaxin), as well as growth factors associated with inflammation and wound healing (FGF, PIGF, VEGF-A; Figure 3a).