HIF1A and Nephropathy: Treg-specific deletion of LKB1 leads to decreased FAO and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as diminished intracellular ATP, decoupling from either AMPK signaling or the mTORC1-HIF-1α axis, and this metabolic reprogramming dampens Treg function, which in turn inducing autoimmune response (107, 108), as well as kidney damage (109).