AIFM2 and hydrops fetalis: This discrepancy may be due to several factors: firstly, DHODH’s role in regulating ferroptosis is relatively minor, as evidenced by our findings in result 3.8; secondly, HDC has numerous targets for improving HF (Wang et al., 2018; Nandi et al., 2020), not limited to ferroptosis regulated by GPX4, FSP1, and DHODH; and lastly, the systemic metabolic regulation in animals is more complex.