Studies suggested that Pien Tze Huang (PTH) stimulates beneficial bacteria, increasing Regulatory T cell (Treg)/myeloid Regulatory T cell (mTreg) cells and Interleukin (IL)-10 production, inhibiting Toll-like receptor (TLR)4/Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) signaling pathways, and reducing liver pathology in AIH mice (Oldereid et al., 2024). Here, CXCL16 is linked to autoimmune hepatitis.