INS and gestational diabetes: Both the UPBEAT study and LIMIT randomized trial demonstrated that behavioral interventions targeting PA in obese women during pregnancy were not sufficient to prevent GDM (51, 52), and the DALI study found that PA was able to limit gestational weight gain but had few substantial beneficial effect on fasting or postload glucose levels, insulin levels to reduce the risk of GDM, and these findings are consistent with our results (18).