TLR4 and atherosclerosis: Tang et al. explored the role of PCSK9 in vascular inflammation that promotes the progression of atherosclerosis and reported that PCSK9 gene disruption directly inhibited atherosclerosis by reducing vascular inflammation and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway without affecting plasma cholesterol levels in ApoE KO mice fed a high-fat diet [154].